Phenothiazine (Thorazine) schizophrenia drugs {antipsychotic}| act on nucleus accumbens to fill dopamine-D2 receptors. Clozapine (Clorazil), olanzapine (Zyprexa), and risperidone (Risperdal) are not phenothiazines but bind to dopamine-D2-receptor active sites.
Anxiety-reducing neuromodulators {anxiolytic drug, anxiety} increase affinity of GABA for GABA neuroreceptors and enhance GABA-mediated synaptic potentials. Benzodiazepine anti-anxiety drugs affect anxiety-control system. Bony fish and higher animals have anxiety-control systems.
Drugs {lithium carbonate} {lithium drug} can decrease norepinephrine effects and help depression and mania. Lithium is less effective against depression alone.
Drugs {schizophrenia-causing drug} can cause schizophrenia. Drugs {apomorphine} can worsen schizophrenia. Drugs {levodopa} can release brain dopamine and cause paranoid schizophrenia or worsen schizophrenic symptoms.
Drugs {anti-opiate} {opiate antagonist} can compete for opiate receptors but have no metabolic effect. Anti-opiates can stop auditory hallucinations. Naloxone is an opiate antagonist.
Drugs {anticonvulsant}| can be for psychomotor epilepsy. Anticonvulsants include carbamazepine and phenytoin.
Drugs {dilantin} {diphenylhydantoin} can treat epilepsy.
Imipramine {antidepressant drug}| can relieve depression by prolonging time noradrenaline and serotonin stay in synapses, by inhibiting membrane epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin transport back into cells and preventing pre-synaptic neuron re-uptake into vesicles. Iproniazid (Niamid) inhibits monoamine oxidase to prevent noradrenaline and serotonin breakdown.
types
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, such as Prozac, affect only serotonin. Selective noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors, such as Strattera, affect only noradrenaline. Tricyclic antidepressants, such as Elavil, affect both.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, such as Nardil, prevent enzymes from reacting with noradrenaline and serotonin. Wellbutrin and Serzone affect related reactions.
effects
People are not likely to misuse antidepressant drugs.
biology
Tryptophan is a serotonin precursor.
Drugs {clozapine} (Clozaril) {atypical antipsychotic} can weakly block dopamine receptors and affect glutamine receptors.
Drugs {buspiron} can excite serotonin-IA receptors.
Drugs {dopamine antagonist} can compete for dopamine receptor but have no metabolic effect themselves.
Aminated indoles {indoleamine} {indolamine} include serotonin, LSD, and psilocybin and affect serotonin system {5-HT system}.
Oxidases {monoamine oxidase}| (MAO) {MAO-A gene} can inactivate catecholamines, such as norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. Drugs {monoamine oxidase inhibitor} {MAO inhibitor} can inhibit monoamine oxidase and keep monoamine concentration high. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can control aggression.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors {tricyclic antidepressant} can treat endogenous depression.
Blood-sugar changing drugs {insulin, drug} can induce coma. Insulin is not in use in psychiatric treatment.
Drugs {Metrazol} can induce coma. Metrazol is not in use in psychiatric treatment.
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Date Modified: 2022.0225